ARMENIAN PLANET

September 10, 2011
by Sasun
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Dreams & Divination

For the first time in nine years I had a dream. In the past nine years I just have not been able to attain that deep sleep level which allows one to dream. So dream I did, and in my dream I was walking into a building, it could have been a school, a community center, or a cultural center, with a cup of hot Armenian coffee in my left hand, held by the saucer. As I gingerly walk through the glass doors, two young men, at least younger than I, and who must already be well into middle age, approach me. One of the two, bearing a wide grin on his face, leans over and exclaims to his partner “this is the advantage of coming to this place. I get to run into him at least once a year”. He then stops right in front of me and snaps into a smart Boy Scout salute. Lowering his arm, he proceeds into an embrace, still wearing that wide sheepish grin of his. I, for my part, with shaking hands, and with some difficulty manage the Fleur-de-Lys and return the salute. I immediately woke up and was not able to return to sleep. I lay awake wondering what the dream meant, if anything, and realized that my right hand lay by my side having formed the Boy Scout’s Salute.

If I had mentioned this dream to my mother, God bless her soul, she would have immediately picked up her Dictionary of Dreams and looked for some type of meaning, either good or ill.

Armenians are great believers in divination and fate. “Djagadakir”, “Writ on the forehead” is their explanation for almost any and all happening. This is a remnant from ancient times when the god Tiur reigned supreme over the world of dreams. His temple was called “Yerezamuynk”, meaning “House of Dreams”, or “Abode, place of Dreams”. Each temple of his was a sprawling university where not only the interpretation of Dreams were taught, but also the Arts, Music and the Sciences. Tiur, being also the messenger god, was charged with carrying out the decrees of Armenia’s chief pagan deity, Aramazd, and indeed all the other gods, as he was the writer, and the decrees were written on the foreheads of each human. The fate of each human was decreed at birth and written on the foreheads, hence the epitaph, “writ on the forehead” or “Djagadakir”. Of course only the gods could see and decipher the writing. Nevertheless, this implies the existence of an alphabet and the knowledge of writing. If people had no knowledge of writing, then they would not ascribe them to their gods in their myths. It is conceivable, that the court scribes received their training and education at Tiur’s temples. Even during Christianity, Armenians credit the discovery of their modern alphabet by Saint Mesrop Mashtots to Devine intervention. The Saintly priest, after some tribulation and despair, had a vision of the alphabet in his dream. No doubt dream he did of the various ancient symbols of cave art, which dotted the Armenian Highlands, to which many of the letters resemble. So why did he have that particular dream at that particular time?

As a note of interest, the ancient Armenians also believed that each person was assigned a star at birth. That star could be lucky or unlucky, and so good fortune or ill would follow that individual throughout his or her lifetime. Perhaps that is where we get the phrase “thank your lucky stars” from.

A pleasant variant of fortune-telling and perhaps with traces of an ancient women’s cult is passed down to us from mother to daughter in the celebration of “Hadig” today. Hadig is a pasty gruel prepared out of barley and corn and garnished with cinnamon, almonds, and pomegranate. It is prepared and distributed as an offering when a baby has its first tooth. A gathering is held, usually at the home of the child and is open to women only by invitation. At the gathering, the baby is placed in front of all attending, with several items in front of the child. The child is expected to crawl and pick up the item of interest, thus signifying the propensity of a future trade or discipline. Needless to say, this is probably just another excuse of getting the women together and showering the infant with well wishes and gifts.

An interesting note here, when the first tooth is observed, a piece of the baby’s clothing is torn in a form of request that the rest of the teeth pierce the gums or “tear” through the gums without complications and undue suffering by the child. The person first noticing this phenomenon is charged with the chore.

As the years go by, many of these ancient traditions are being forgotten. In the case of the Armenians coming to the western world, it is not simply a matter of modern ideas supplanting the old, but the case of the Armenian Genocide causing such a great upheaval and cutting family ties.

Before we scoff at all these ancient rites, I am told I picked up a pen and paper at my Hadig – go figure or perhaps it is just Djagadakir!

July 15, 2011
by Sasun
75 Comments

Armenian Calendar

Man by nature is superstitious, mostly driven by fear of the unknown. A sudden thunderstorm could wash away the year’s crops, an unwanted frost, destroy the harvest. Volcanic eruptions, floods, locust infestations, all added to the confusion and suspicion of activities of a higher nature. Thus man started watching the skies for tell tale signs of the next disaster. For eons man watched the sun rise and set, the moon change cycles and the constellations move across the night sky. Man soon realized that the moon and stars had set patterns, and by careful observation these cycles could be used in planning the planting and harvesting seasons. Thus, calendars were born.

The avid reader today has knowledge of the Chinese Calendar, Hebrew Calendar, Islamic Calendar, Julian Calendar, Gregorian Calendar, Egyptian Calendar, Babylonian Calendar, and of course the Mayan Calendar, but nary a word about the Armenian Calendar.

Calendars are either Solar, Lunar, or Lunisolar. As the name suggests, a Solar Calendar is based on the earth’s cycle around the sun, it is intercalated with a leap year for accuracy. A lunar Calendar simply follows the moon’s cycle, while a Lunisolar, follows the moon’s cycle but requires the intercalation of a whole month to maintain accuracy of the 365 cycle (actual cycle is a quarter day longer, i.e. 365.25 days, so that the added day every fourth year is needed to balance the cycle).

With the discovery of the world’s oldest shoe as well as the oldest winery in the Geghama Mountain Range, perhaps it is time to introduce the Armenian Calendar to the Western World.

The Armenian Calendar is no longer in use today. The Armenian Church would have opposed it vehemently. With the conversion to Christianity, in 301 A.D., although the Armenian Church usurped many of the popular shrines and festivals and “Christianized” them, the calendar had to be discarded as it would be a constant reminder of paganism and its rituals.

With their installations at Medzamor and Karahundj, at the confluence of the Sissian, the early Armenians traced the path of the star Sirius. They had a system of 12 months with each month having 30 days, plus a 5 or 6 day period, as warranted, at the end called Aveliats. Aveliats, as in increased, augmented or remnant. This gave the Ancient Armenians the 365 day year with the 366 day “leap” year every fourth year.

Of course, the beginnings of the calendar is mired in legend. As yet, it is uncertain how old this calendar really is, but it is tied to the legend of Hayk and Bel. According to this legend, after defeating Bel in battle, Hayk changed the calendar to coincide with the date of his victory. Thereafter, the New Year, celebrated as the first day of Navasart, would be commemorated on that day. On the Julian Calendar, this would be the 11th day of August. Previously, the first day of the New Year corresponded to March 21st. The legend also states that Hayk renamed some of the months using his sons’ and daughters’ names. Hayk had ten sons and daughters,and it is not entirely certain if the names of the months were subjected to further change in future years as we can notice a few of the names being of old Persian origin (or an attempt by some scholars to identify with Persian origin). This has prompted some scholars to suggest an Iranian origin to the Armenian Calendar without considering its existence long before the Persians migrated into the region. It would be wise to consider the practice of Babylon and Assyria of transplanting tribes from Elam to the Armenian Plateau.

The Ancient Armenian Calendar is sometimes referred to as the Hayk Calendar. But, let’s not forget that Hayk changed the calendar. Therefore a calendar had to have already been in existence for him to be able to change. The 12 months of the calendar were named as follows:(1)
.. Armenian……………..Julian
1 Navasart ………….Aug. 11 – Sept. 9
2 Hori ……………….Sept. 10 – Oct. 9
3 Sahmi…………….. Oct. 10 – Nov. 8
4 Tre………………… Nov. 9 – Dec. 8
5 Kaghots…………… Dec. 9 – Jan. 7
6 Arats………………. Jan. 8 – Feb. 6
7 Mehekan …………..Feb. 7 – Mar. 8
8 Areg………………. Mar. 9 – Apr. 7
9 Ahekan……………. Apr. 8 – May 7
10 Mareri…………….May 8 – June 6
11 Margats………….. June 7 – July 6
12 Hratits……………. July 7 – Aug. 5
….Aveliats………….. Aug. 6 – Aug. 10

The Ancient Armenian Calendar had some unique features. Unlike the other calendars such as the Romans whom named the Ides, Nones and Kalends(2), apart from each month, each day of the month had its own name. The names of Gods, Goddesses, constellations, and Patriarchs were used. The days of Aveliats were simply grouped together as Aveliats and did not warrant a separate name. The 30 days of the month were named as follows:(3)
1… Areg…………. 16.. Mani
2… Hrand……….. 17.. Asak
3… Aram………… 18.. Masis
4… Margar………. 19.. Anahit
5… Ahrank………. 20.. Aragatz
6… Mazdegh……. 21.. G’rgur
7… Astghik……… 22.. Korduik
8… Mihr…………. 23.. Tz’mak
9… Dzopaber…… 24.. Lusnak
10.. Murts……….. 25.. Tsron
11.. Yerezkan……. 26.. Npat
12.. Ani…………… 27.. Vahagn
13.. Parkhar……… 28.. Sis
14.. Vanatur……… 29.. Varag
15.. Aramazd……. 30.. Gishervar

Consider the complexity where, furthermore, each hour of the day had a name:(4)

Name…………….. hr………. Name………. hr.
Bavakan………….. 00-01….. Yerkratesn ……12-13
Hautapyaln………. 01-02….. Shantakaln …..13-14
Gizkan……………. 02-03…… Hrakatn ……..14-15
Lusatschemn……. 03-04…… Hourtapyaln …15-16
Aravotn………….. 04-05…… Toghantyaln …16-17
Lusapayln……….. 05-06…… Aravam ………17-18
Paylatsumn……… 06-07…… Arpoghn ……..18-19
Aygn……………… 07-08…… Kharavakann ..19-20
Tsayn…………….. 08-09…… Aghjamughj ….20-21
Zoratsyaln……….. 09-10…… Mtatsyaln ……21-22
Tscharagayatyaln.. 10-11…… Shaghavotn…. 22-23
Sharavighyaln……. 11-12……. Kamavotn….. 23-24

The days of the week paid homage to the Sun, Moon and known Stars and Planets. Thus:(5)

Aregaki……. Sun day………….. Sunday
Lousni…….. Moon day……….. Monday
Hradi……… Mar’s day……….. Tuesday
Paylatsoui… Mercury’s day…. Wednesday
Lousntagi…. Jupiter’s day…… Thursday
Arousyagi… Venus’s day……. Friday
Yerevaki….. Saturn’s day…….. Saturday

Compared to the archaeology of Egypt, Greece, Rome and any other ancient land, that of Armenia is still in its infancy and relatively unknown. Therefore it is not surprising that we are still discovering this calendar which probably predated the others. “Sun Symbols, Signs of the Zodiac, and Ancient Calendars predominated in the region while the rest of the world was just coming alive, culturally speaking. Egypt and China were still untamed wilderness areas when the first cosmic symbols began appearing on the side of the Geghama Mountain Range around 7000 B.C.(6)

After Christianity, a new version of the calendar was adopted, but here we are only interested in the Ancient Calendar. The beauty, elegance and complexity of this most Ancient Calendar gives us an insight into the people who created it. They were far from being uncouth barbarians. On the contrary, they were an advanced society steeped in the sciences of the day, and had their teaching institutions. They watched the constellations and venerated nature in all its raw power.

Written on Paylatsoui the Astghik of Hrotits at the hour of Zoratsyaln.
(not quite the way the Ancient Armenians would have said it, but…)

Notes:
(1) http//www.tacentral.com/mythology
(2) for a discussion on Nones, Kalends and Ides, see http//www.ancienthistory.about.com/cs/calendars/a/romcalterm.html
(3) http//www.tacentral.com/mythology
(4) http//www.haytomar.com
(5) http//www.haytomar.com
(6) http//www.genposts.com/orders/GFS-ArmenianStonehenge-RickNey

References:
http//www.tacentral.com/mythology
http//www.ancienthistory.about.com/cs/calendars/a/romcalterm.html
http//www.haytomar.com
http//www.genposts.com/orders/GFS-ArmenianStonehenge-RickNey
http//www.rahamasha.net/uploads/2/3/2/8/23828777/armeniancalendar.pdf

June 29, 2011
by Sasun
2 Comments

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